Behaviorism was born from research done by Ivan Pavlov in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pavlov’s research into animal digestion led to the recognition that the animals that were being ...

In an e-mail interview with the Mehr News Agency on Monday, Bueno de Mesquita said, “Constructivism and rationalist theories complement each other.” Following is the text of the interview: Q: There ...

Add articles to your saved list and come back to them any time. It's tricky to imagine now but in the years immediately before and after the Russian Revolution, there was an absolute belief in Moscow ...

A translation of Alexei Gan’s utopian art manifesto showcases the revolutionary fervor of the Russian avant-garde. In 1922 the Russian art theorist Alexei Gan published a manifesto for an ...

Who invented constructivism? The question might once have seemed academic. But in the past decade as art has trended ever more sharply in the direction of hard-edged abstract geometry — in color-field ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

The constructivists of the 1920s and 30s combined modern engineering methods and technology with communist ideology. The World Cup city of Yekaterinburg has retained this legacy – the largest ...