Abstract: Temporal difference (TD) learning is a fundamental technique in reinforcement learning that updates value function estimates for states or state-action pairs using a TD target. This target ...

On a simple math task - indicating which of two amounts is greater - kids with math learning disability get the right answer as often as their good-at-math peers, but behind the scenes, their brains ...

The single, deficit-based model of autism has recently come under scrutiny, as research revealed subgroups differing in symptoms, developmental trajectory, and genetic drivers of the disorder (Litman ...

USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA. 1) The difference (∆) in T c was calculated by subtracting the higher irrigation treatment from the lower irrigation treatment. 2) The ...

The examples are nothing if not relatable: preparing breakfast, or playing a game of chess or tic-tac-toe. Yet the idea of learning from the environment and taking steps that progress toward a goal ...

In the 1980s, Andrew Barto and Rich Sutton were considered eccentric devotees to an elegant but ultimately doomed idea—having machines learn, as humans and animals do, from experience. Decades on, ...

School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Smart Transportation, Suzhou City University, Suzhou, Jiangsu ...

Teachers often graduate from their preparation programs without a firm grounding in common learning differences like dyslexia, which affects the ability to read. This is the case even though teachers ...